Why Electrons vs Molecules Debate Is Relevant For India’s Energy Security – Outlook Business

The Stock And Flow of Energy

Traditionally, energy security has been assessed through metrics such as import dependence, supplier diversification and strategic petroleum reserves. While these remain important, they are increasingly insufficient for an energy system undergoing structural transformation. As countries electrify transport, industry and households while expanding renewable energy, new vulnerabilities emerge, not only in fuel supply but also in manufacturing capacity, critical mineral supply chains, technology ownership and electricity infrastructure.